SJG-2083CS Online Acid Alkaline Concentration Meter

Mu madzi oyera, gawo laling'ono la mamolekyulu limataya haidrojeni imodzi kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka H2O, mu njira yotchedwa dissociation. Motero madziwo amakhala ndi ma ayoni ochepa a haidrojeni, H+, ndi ma ayoni otsala a hydroxyl, OH-.

Pali mgwirizano pakati pa kupangika kosalekeza ndi kugawanika kwa mamolekyu amadzi ochepa.

Ma hydrogen ions (OH-) m'madzi amalumikizana ndi mamolekyu ena amadzi kupanga ma hydronium ions, ma H3O+ ions, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma hydrogen ions. Popeza ma hydroxyl ndi ma hydronium ions awa ali mu mgwirizano, yankho silili acidic kapena alkaline.

Asidi ndi chinthu chomwe chimapereka ma ayoni a haidrojeni kukhala yankho, pomwe maziko kapena alkali ndi chinthu chomwe chimatenga ma ayoni a haidrojeni.

Zinthu zonse zomwe zili ndi haidrojeni sizikhala ndi asidi chifukwa haidrojeni iyenera kukhalapo mu mkhalidwe womwe umatulutsidwa mosavuta, mosiyana ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zimamangirira haidrojeni ku maatomu a kaboni mwamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake pH imathandiza kuyeza mphamvu ya asidi powonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni a haidrojeni omwe imatulutsa mu yankho.

Hydrochloric acid ndi asidi wamphamvu chifukwa mgwirizano wa ionic pakati pa haidrojeni ndi ma chloride ions ndi wa polar womwe umasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa ma hydrogen ions ambiri ndikupanga yankho kukhala ndi asidi wambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lili ndi pH yotsika kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa kugawanika mkati mwa madzi ndi wabwino kwambiri pankhani ya mphamvu, ndichifukwa chake zimachitika mosavuta.

Ma asidi ofooka ndi mankhwala omwe amapereka haidrojeni koma osati mwachangu, monga ma asidi ena achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, asidi wa acetic, womwe umapezeka mu viniga, uli ndi haidrojeni yambiri koma uli mu gulu la asidi wa carboxylic, womwe umasunga ma covalent kapena nonpolar bonds.

Motero, imodzi yokha mwa ma hydrogen ndi yomwe imatha kuchoka mu molekyuluyo, ndipo ngakhale zili choncho, palibe kukhazikika kwakukulu komwe kumapezeka popereka.

Chitsime kapena alkali chimalandira ma ayoni a haidrojeni, ndipo chikawonjezeredwa m'madzi, chimayamwa ma ayoni a haidrojeni omwe amapangidwa ndi kugawanika kwa madzi kotero kuti kulinganiza kumasintha kukhala ma ayoni a hydroxyl, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti yankho likhale la alkaline kapena loyambira.

Chitsanzo cha maziko ofanana ndi sodium hydroxide, kapena lye, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo. Pamene asidi ndi alkali zilipo mofanana kwambiri, ma ayoni a hydrogen ndi hydroxyl amakumana mosavuta, ndikupanga mchere ndi madzi, mu reaction yotchedwa neutralization.