Kodi kukhuthala kwa madzi kumayesedwa bwanji?

Kodi Turbidity ndi chiyani?

Kugwedezeka ndi muyeso wa mitambo kapena chifunga cha madzi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa ubwino wa madzi m'madzi achilengedwe—monga mitsinje, nyanja, ndi nyanja—komanso m'malo oyeretsera madzi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa, kuphatikizapo matope, algae, plankton, ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi mafakitale, zomwe zimafalitsa kuwala kudutsa m'madzi.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa mu mayunitsi a nephelometric turbidity (NTU), ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonetsa kutseguka kwakukulu. Gawoli limachokera ku kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumafalikira ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi, monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi nephelometer. Nephelometer imawunikira kuwala kudzera mu chitsanzocho ndikupeza kuwala komwe kumafalikira ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa pa ngodya ya madigiri 90. Kuchuluka kwa NTU kumasonyeza kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kapena mitambo, m'madzi. Kutsika kwa NTU kumasonyeza madzi omveka bwino.
Mwachitsanzo: Madzi oyera akhoza kukhala ndi NTU pafupifupi 0. Madzi akumwa, omwe amafunika kukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi NTU yosakwana 1. Madzi okhala ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kapena tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa amatha kukhala ndi NTU yomwe ili m'magulu mazana kapena zikwi.

N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi m’madzi?

Kuchuluka kwa turbidity m'thupi kungayambitse zotsatirapo zingapo zoyipa:
1） Kuchepa kwa kuwala: Izi zimasokoneza photosynthesis m'zomera zam'madzi, motero zimasokoneza chilengedwe chonse cha m'madzi chomwe chimadalira kupanga koyambirira.
2）Kutsekeka kwa makina osefera: Zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa zimatha kulepheretsa zosefera m'malo oyeretsera madzi, zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a makinawo.
3）Kugwirizana ndi zinthu zoipitsa: Tinthu tomwe timayambitsa chifunga nthawi zambiri timakhala ngati zonyamulira zinthu zoipitsa zoopsa, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zitsulo zolemera, ndi mankhwala oopsa, zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo thanzi la chilengedwe komanso la anthu.
Mwachidule, kutayirira ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri poyesa kudalirika kwa madzi, mankhwala, ndi zamoyo, makamaka poyang'anira zachilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.
Kodi mfundo yoyezera matope ndi iti?

Mfundo yoyezera kukhuthala imachokera pa kufalikira kwa kuwala pamene kukudutsa mu chitsanzo cha madzi chomwe chili ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa. Kuwala kukakhudzana ndi tinthuti, kumafalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kumafalikira imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu timene tilipo. Kuchuluka kwa tinthu timene timakhalapo kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kuchuluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluke kwa matope.

mfundo yoyezera kukhuthala

Njirayi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:
Gwero la Kuwala: Kuwala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku laser kapena LED, kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu chitsanzo cha madzi.
Tinthu Tomwe Tili Opachikidwa: Pamene kuwala kukufalikira kudzera mu chitsanzo, zinthu zomwe zimapachikidwa—monga dothi, algae, plankton, kapena zoipitsa—zimapangitsa kuwalako kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Kuzindikira Kuwala Kofalikira: Anephelometer, chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala, chimazindikira kuwala komwe kwafalikira pa ngodya ya madigiri 90 poyerekeza ndi kuwala kwa ngozi. Kuzindikira kwa angular kumeneku ndi njira yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwake kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa tinthu tomwe timayambitsa tinthu.
Kuyeza Mphamvu ya Kuwala Kofalikira: Mphamvu ya kuwala kofalikira imayesedwa, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa ndipo, motero, kutayikira kwakukulu.
Kuwerengera Mphamvu ya Kuwala: Mphamvu ya kuwala kobalalika imayesedwa kukhala Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), zomwe zimapereka chiwerengero chokhazikika chomwe chimayimira kuchuluka kwa turbidity.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayesa kukhuthala kwa madzi?

Kuyeza kukhuthala kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito masensa opangidwa ndi kuwala ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'mafakitale amakono. Kawirikawiri, chowunikira kukhuthala kwa madzi chimafunika kuti chiwonetse miyeso yeniyeni, kulola kuti masensa azitsuka nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuyambitsa machenjezo a kuwerenga kosazolowereka, potero kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akutsatira miyezo ya khalidwe labwino.

Chowunikira Madzi Paintaneti (Madzi a m'nyanja oyezedwa)

Malo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito amafunika njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira kutayikira kwa madzi. M'malo osungira madzi okhala ndi anthu ambiri, malo oyeretsera madzi, komanso pamalo olowera ndi otulutsira madzi m'malo osungira madzi, malo oyeretsera madzi okhala ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi miyeso yolondola kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufunikira kokhwima kwa madzi okhala ndi malo ochepa m'malo awa. Mwachitsanzo, m'maiko ambiri, muyezo wolamulira wa madzi apampopi m'malo oyeretsera madzi umatchula kuti madzi ali pansi pa NTU 1. Ngakhale kuti kuyesa madzi m'dziwe losambira sikuchitika kawirikawiri, kumafunikanso kuti madzi azikhala ndi malo otsika kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito malo otsika kwambiri.

Mamita Otsika a Turbidity TBG-6188T

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ntchito monga malo oyeretsera madzi otayira ndi malo otulutsira madzi otayira m'mafakitale zimafuna mita yoyeretsera madzi otayira m'malo okwera kwambiri. Madzi m'malo amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa madzi otayira m'malo ndipo amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, tinthu ta colloidal, kapena zinthu zomwe zimayamwa mankhwala. Mitengo ya madzi otayira nthawi zambiri imapitirira malire apamwamba a zida zoyeretsera madzi otayira m'malo otsika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, madzi otayira m'malo oyeretsera madzi otayira m'malo ...

Chowunikira cha Turbidity cha Paintaneti cha Mafakitale

M'mafakitale apadera, monga makampani azamankhwala ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa, kufunikira kwakukulu kumayikidwa pa kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa miyeso ya matope. Makampaniwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zoyezera matope zokhala ndi miyeso iwiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kofanana kuti zithandizire kusokonezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuwala ndi kutentha, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kuyeza kwake kudalirika. Mwachitsanzo, matope a madzi oti alowedwe ayenera kusungidwa pansi pa 0.1 NTU, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira kwambiri pa kukhudzidwa kwa zida ndi kukana kusokonezedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa Internet of Things (IoT), njira zamakono zowunikira kusokonekera kwa madzi zikuchulukirachulukira kukhala zanzeru komanso zogwirizana. Kuphatikiza ma module olumikizirana a 4G/5G kumathandiza kutumiza deta ya kusokonezeka kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni ku nsanja zamtambo, kuthandizira kuyang'anira kutali, kusanthula deta, ndi zidziwitso zodziwikiratu. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yosamalira madzi ya boma yakhazikitsa njira yanzeru yowunikira kusokonezeka kwa madzi yomwe imagwirizanitsa deta ya kusokonezeka kwa madzi ndi njira yake yowongolera kugawa madzi. Mukazindikira kusokonezeka kwa madzi kosazolowereka, makinawo amasintha okha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsata kwa madzi kukhale bwino kuchokera pa 98% mpaka 99.5%, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi 12%.
Kodi turbidity ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi zinthu zonse zosungunuka?

Turbidity ndi Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ndi mfundo zogwirizana, koma sizofanana. Zonsezi zimatanthauza tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi, koma zimasiyana pa zomwe zimayesa komanso momwe zimayezera.
Kugwedezeka kumayesa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa madzi, makamaka kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumafalikira ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa. Sikuyesa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa tinthu, koma kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatsekedwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi tinthuto. Kugwedezeka sikumakhudzidwa kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu komanso ndi zinthu monga kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mtundu wa tinthuto, komanso kutalika kwa kuwala komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa.

Meter ya Industrial Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Zonse Zolimba Zoyimitsidwa(TSS) imayesa kulemera kwenikweni kwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa mu chitsanzo cha madzi. Imayesa kulemera konse kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa m'madzi, mosasamala kanthu za mawonekedwe awo.
TSS imayesedwa posefa madzi odziwika bwino kudzera mu fyuluta (nthawi zambiri fyuluta yokhala ndi kulemera kodziwika). Madzi akasefa, zinthu zolimba zomwe zatsala pa fyuluta zimauma ndikuyesedwa. Zotsatira zake zimafotokozedwa mu ma milligrams pa lita imodzi (mg/L). TSS imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, koma sipereka chidziwitso chokhudza kukula kwa tinthu kapena momwe tinthu timafalitsira kuwala.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu:
1） Mtundu wa Muyeso:
Turbidity ndi chizindikiro cha kuwala (momwe kuwala kumafalikira kapena kuyamwa).
TSS ndi chinthu chenicheni (unyinji wa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa m'madzi).
2） Zimene Amayesa:
Kuvunda kumasonyeza momwe madzi alili oyera kapena akuda, koma sikupereka unyinji weniweni wa zinthu zolimba.
TSS imapereka muyeso mwachindunji wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba m'madzi, mosasamala kanthu kuti zimawoneka zoyera kapena zakuda bwanji.
3） Mayunitsi:
Turbidity imayesedwa mu NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).
TSS imayesedwa mu mg/L (mamiligramu pa lita).
Kodi mtundu ndi kutayirira ndi zofanana?

Mtundu ndi kutayirira sizili zofanana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zimakhudza mawonekedwe a madzi.

Mita Yopangira Utoto wa Madzi Paintaneti

Nayi kusiyana:
Mtundu umatanthauza mtundu kapena mtundu wa madzi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosungunuka, monga zinthu zachilengedwe (monga masamba ovunda) kapena mchere (monga chitsulo kapena manganese). Ngakhale madzi oyera amatha kukhala ndi mtundu ngati ali ndi zinthu zosungunuka.
Kugwedezeka kumatanthauza mdima kapena chifunga cha madzi chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, monga dongo, matope, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena zinthu zina zolimba. Kumayesa kuchuluka kwa tinthuto komwe kumafalitsa kuwala komwe kumadutsa m'madzi.
Mwachidule:
Mtundu = zinthu zosungunuka
Kugwedezeka = tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa